KONTRIBUSI PERILAKU DISRUPTIF TERHADAP EKSKLUSI SOSIAL PADA ANAK USIA SD
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap sebab-sebab perilaku disruptif (PD) pada anak SD, dan menjelaskan kontribusi PD terhadap eksklusi sosial. Riset ini menggunakan desain studi kasus, yang dilaksanakan di sebuah SD di Sragen, Indonesia. Data dihimpun melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Guna menguji validitas data, peneliti menempuh triangulasi. Data yang diperoleh dan dinyatakan valid kemudian dianalisis mengikuti langgkah-langkah yang dikemukakan Miles et al. (2014), yaitu data condensation, data display, dan conclusion drawing/verification. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa; (a) lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah, lingkungan teman sepermainan, dan lingkungan masyarakat menjadi determinan atas munculnya PD pada anak; (b) proses eksklusi sosial sebagai akibat dari PD dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu yaitu penilaian kelompok atas risiko PD, pengambilan keputusan untuk mengeksklusi pelaku, dan pembatasan diri dari siswa yang dieksklusi dalam periode waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa di antara empat lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap PD, lingkungan keluarga dan lingkungan sekolah sebagai determinan paling kuat. Namun dalam beberapa kasus, adanya role model dalam lingkungan masyarakat memperteguh PD pada anak. Eksklusi sosial akibat PD (pada fase ketiga) hanya akan berakhir manakala pelaku tidak lagi menampakkan PD. Peneliti merekomendasikan dilakukannya diagnosa awal atas gejala-gejala PD. Tujuannya adalah mengurangi risiko eksklusi sosial yang disebabkan PD.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/jpfkip.v11i3.8950
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